What are the Linux commands to:
Task 1: View the content of a file and display line numbers.
cat -n filename
Task 2: Change the access permissions of files to make them readable, writable, and executable by the owner only.
chmod 777 filename
Task 3: Check the last 10 commands you have run.
history
Task 4: Remove a directory and all its contents.
rm -r directoryname
Task 5: Create a fruits.txt file, add content (one fruit per line), and display the content.
- Create file
touch fruits.txt
- Add Content
vi fruits.txt
- Display content
cat fruits.txt
Task 6: Add content in devops.txt (one in each line) - Apple, Mango, Banana, Cherry, Kiwi, Orange, Guava. Then, append "Pineapple" to the end of the file.
- Add Content
vi devops.txt
- Append content in file
echo Pineapple >>devops.txt
Task 7: Show the first three fruits from the file in reverse order.
head -n 3 devops.txt | tac
Task 8: Show the bottom three fruits from the file, and then sort them alphabetically.
tail -n 3 devops.txt | sort
Task 9: Create another file Colors.txt, add content (one color per line), and display the content.
cat Colors.txt
Task 10: Add content in Colors.txt (one in each line) - Red, Pink, White, Black, Blue, Orange, Purple, Grey. Then, prepend "Yellow" to the beginning of the file.
echo -e "Red\nPink\nWhite\nBlack\nBlue\nOrange\nPurple\nGrey" > Colors.txt
echo "Yellow" | cat - Colors.txt > temp && mv temp Colors.txt
Task 11: Find and display the lines that are common between fruits.txt and Colors.txt
- Sort the content of the "Colors.txt" and added them to "Colors_sort.txt"
cat Colors.txt | sort >>Colors_sort.txt
- Sort the content of the "fruits.txt" and added them to "fruits_sort.txt"
cat fruits.txt | sort >>fruits_sort.txt
- Find and display common lines in Colors_sort.txt and fruits_sort.txt
comm Colors_sort.txt fruits_sort.txt
- Another way to find and display common lines in Colors_sort.txt and fruits_sort.txt
The
-1option suppresses the output of lines unique to the first file (colors.txt).The
-2option suppresses the output of lines unique to the second file (fruits.txt).Combining
-12means that only lines that are common to both files will be displayed.
comm -12 Colors_sort.txt fruits_sort.txt
Task 12: Count the number of lines, words, and characters in both fruits.txt and Colors.txt.
wc Colors.txt fruite.txt
First column: Number of lines.
Second column: Number of words.
Third column: Number of characters.
Last column: Filename.